Study on Thalassemia in Han Population in Sanya of Hainan Province / 中国实验血液学杂志

OBJECTIVE@#To study the distribution characteristics of thalassemia genotype in Han Population in Sanya of Hainan Province.@*METHODS@#Gap PCR and reverse dot hybridization were used to detect and analyze the thalassemia gene in 572 suspected thalassemia carriers of Han Population in Sanya.@*RESULTS@#Among the 572 Han Population in Sanya, 271 cases of thalassemia gene abnormality were detected, among which 161 cases were founded to be carriers of α-thalassemia gene. A total of 9 genotypes were detected, in the following order of the detection rate was －－SEA/αα，－α3.7/αα，－α4.2/αα，－－SEA/－α3.7，－－SEA/－α4.2，－α4.2/－α4.2，－α3.7/－α4.2，－α3.7/－α3.7，－－SEA/－－SEA. Among them, the deletion type (－－SEA/αα) in southeast Asia was the most common, accounting for 66 cases. 99 cases of β-thalassemia were detected, there were 7 genotypes, all of which were heterozygous. The order of the detection rate was CD41-42/βN, IVS-II-654/βN, CD17/βN, CD71-72/βN, -28/βN, －29/βN, CD27-28/βN. Among them, CD41-42/βN was the most common, accounting for 51 cases. In addition, 11 cases of combined α and β thalassemia were detected. Five kinds of genotypes were checked out, the order of detection rate was －α3.7/αα composite CD41-42/βN, －－SEA/αα composite IVS-II-654/βN, －α4.2/－α4.2 composite CD41-42/βN, －α4.2/αα composite －29/βN , －－SEA/ －α4.2 composite CD41-42/βN.@*CONCLUSION@#Han Population in Sanya of Hainan Province is a high-risk population of thalassemia, the genotype characteristics are different from other areas with high incidence of thalassemia in China. The main type of α-thalassemia is the deficiency mutation of southeast Asia, while CD41-42 heterozygous mutation is the main type of β-thalassemia.

Effect of corticotomy techniques accelerating orthodontic tooth movement on root resorption / 北京大学学报(医学版)

In recent years, developing new methods to accelerate orthodontic tooth movement (OTM) has attracted extensive attention in the field of orthodontic clinical and scientific research. It reduces orthodontic treatment time and risks. Over the past, various approaches have been done to accelerate orthodontic tooth movement. Several forms of corticotomy techniques have been effective in inducing rapid tooth movement. These techniques activate regional acceleratory phenomenon and create a favorable microenvironment for accelerating tooth movement. Root resorption is one of most common side effects of orthodontic treatment. It affects the long-term viability and health of teeth. However, the effect of corticotomy techniques accelerating orthodontic tooth movement on root resorption still remains unclear. Accelerating tooth movement may have two-side effects on root resorption. Through shortening the treatment period and removing the hyalinized tissues, the acceleration of orthodontic tooth movement could reduce root resorption. The increase of root resorption might be due to the local inflammation and function of cementoclasts/odontoclasts. In this paper, we reviewed the effects of different corticotomy techniques accelerating orthodontic tooth movement on root resorption. Corticotomy techniques deal with mucoperio-steal flaps and bone tissues differently and develop towards minimally invasive. Previous studies on root resorption use two-dimensional images, including apical films and panoramic tomography, to evaluate the degree of root resorption. In recent years, researches measure the volume of root resorption accurately using cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT) and micro-CT. Most studies suggest that the root resorption during acceleration of orthodontic tooth movement through corticotomy techniques is not statistically different from that of traditional orthodontic treatment. Some studies using micro-CT have shown that the root resorption in the groups of corticotomy techniques increases compared with the control group without surgery. Because of the short duration of these studies, the clinical significance is controversial on the overall impact of corticotomy techniques on orthodontic treatment. Accelerating orthodontic tooth movement is still at its emerging phase and need further research in the form of clinical trials to illustrate the effect of corticotomy techniques accelerating orthodontic tooth movement on root resorption.

Knowledge, Attitudes, and Practices (KAP) Survey on the Safety of Anti-tumor Drugs in Hospital Discharge among Hospital Pharmacist / 中国药学杂志

OBJECTIVE: To analyze the knowledge, attitude and practice of hospital pharmacists on the safety of patients with anti-tumor drugs discharged from hospitals, explore possible risk factors, and provide reference for targeted guidance and rational medication of tumor patients discharged. METHODS From March 15, 2019 to May 31, 2019, pharmacists at hospitals in 31 provinces (cities) in China conducted a questionnaire survey on the safety of patients with anti-tumor drugs discharged from hospitals. RESULTS: The average score of pharmacists′ knowledges of anti-tumor drugs was 46.7, equivalent to 51.8% of the total score. Most pharmacists (74.5%) are aware of the risks of discharge of antineoplastic agents and are willing (93.9%) to provide medication guidance for cancer patients. However, the pharmacists′ guidance for patients with cancer on the discharge was mostly limited to oral presentation (62.1%), and the accessibility of pharmacists to cancer patients after discharge was generally low (55.6%). CONCLUSION: Drug safety participants pay insufficient attention to the safety risks of patients with anticancer drugs discharged, and hospital pharmacists′ knowledge reserve of anti-tumor drugs has shortcomings, there is no perfect system of medication education for discharged patients, which are all risk factors threatening the safety of medication for cancer patients after discharge. Serious efforts should be made to find solutions to continuously improve the safety of patients with anticancer drugs discharged from hospitals.

Status Quo and Development of Hope Houses for Individuals with Spinal Cord Injury in Shanghai from Perspective of Managers and Organizers / 中国康复理论与实践

Objective:To analyze the status quo and development of the Hope Houses for individuals with spinal cord injury (SCI) in Shanghai. Methods:In June, 2018, the organizers and managers of Hope Houses from 16 districts in Shanghai were investigated with the self-designed questionnaires, which covered the personal characteristics, knowledge of related policy, development of projects and obstacles, and rehabilitation recognition. The descriptive analysis and correlational analyses were conducted. Results:Totally, eleven organizers and 16 managers were investigated. The knowledge of related policy for organizers was not good enough. Eight Hope Houses in 16 districts in Shanghai were operated by social organizations. The average implementation rate of projects in Hope Houses was 60.6%, and the highest was rehabilitation knowledge education (96.3%). There was insufficient provision in legal services, job skills training, rehabilitation nursing guidance, job referral, medical referral and education referral, etc. The main related factors limiting the development of the Hope Houses were lacks of budgets, social consensus and professionals. The rehabilitation cognition of organizers and managers was generally good, but the cognition of rehabilitation principles and rehabilitation value needed to be strengthened. Conclusion:The Hope Houses for individuals with SCI in Shanghai work well, and the rehabilitation cognition of organizers and managers is satisfactory. It should be strenghened in resource input, comprehensive rehabilitation and standard of management, to expand the service timely.

The Drug Safety and Rational Use of Zolpidem Tartrate / 中国药学杂志

OBJECTIVE: To givesafety recommendations for the dose, time of administration, and precautions for zolpidem tartrate. METHODS: Search relevant websites and databases, the pharmaceutical characteristics, clinical application, adverse reactions, drug interactions and rational use of zolpidem tartrate were reviewed. RESULT:S In order to ensure the safety of medication for patients, it is recommended that women and the elderly aged 65 years and above should use the minimum effective dose of 5 mg•d-1. Short-term use, the course of medication should not exceed 4 weeks. Insomnia patients can choose to treat as needed (intermittent, not every night). Follow the prescribed course of treatment and dosage in strict accordance with the doctor's advice. CONCLUSIONS: Zolpidem tartrate can treat various types of insomnia with definite curative effect and mild adverse reactions.Clinicians and pharmacists should pay attention to the safety risks of zolpidem and inform patients of the contraindications and precautions.